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Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the structures inside most eukaryotic cells that turn energy from food into ATP, the molecule cells actually spend. Their inner membrane is folded into cristae, which gives the reactions of cellular respiration more surface area to run on.

They also carry a small amount of their own DNA, separate from the cell's nucleus. That is the main evidence that mitochondria began as free-living bacteria that were absorbed by an ancestral cell and never left.

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What usable energy molecule do mitochondria help produce?

What are the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane called?

Card

Why is the inner mitochondrial membrane folded?

Answer

The folds provide more surface area for the reactions that produce ATP.

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Concept

The Commerce Clause

The Commerce Clause gives Congress power to regulate trade with other countries, among the states, and with Native tribes. That is why a federal rule can cover goods and transport that cross state lines. It can also reach activity inside one state when that activity clearly affects trade between states.

Constitutional Amendments

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Git branches

8 concepts · about 12 minutes to read

  • A branch is a pointer to a commit
  • HEAD names the branch you have checked out
  • A new commit moves that branch forward
  • Creating a branch does not copy your files
  • Switching branches checks out another pointer
  • Merging joins two lines of work
  • A fast-forward only moves a pointer
  • Deleting a branch removes the name, not the commits

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What is Jane’s husband’s name?

Answer

Steve.

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